De actionibusNihil aliud est actio

De actionibus

Nihil aliud est actio quam ius, quod sibi debetur, iudicio persequendi. Actionum genera sunt
duo: in rem, quae dicitur vindicatio, et in personam, quae condictio appellatur. In personam
actio est qua agimus cum aliquo, qui nobis vel ex contractu, vel ex delicto obligatus est. In
rem actio est cum aut corporalem rem intendimus aut ius aliquod, velut ius utendi-fruendi,
agendi, aquam ducendi. In rem actio adversus eum est, qui rem possidet. In personam actio
adversus eum locum habet, qui obligatus est nobis.
(Celsus, Gaius, Ulpianus)

Результаты (английский) 1:

On the actions that it is nothing else than the right of action, which is due to him, in the judgment of the power of prosecuting. Kinds of activity are two: to the reality, which is called the vengeance, and in person, which is called the condictio. In the person of the act of which we are dealing with a thing, which to us is either from the contract or arising from the offense is under an obligation. In the matter of the body, or the action of the thing is, when we intend to, or have any right by, as it were, the right to use the earlier-of enjoying, to act, to lead the water. The action in rem against him, he who had in his possession. In the person of the action takes place against him, who is bound to us. (Celsius, Gaius, Ulpian)